Above All Remember Your Humanity.

The Decision To Use The Atom Bomb On Japanese Cities, And The Consequent Buildup Of Enormous Nuclear Arsenals, Was Made By Governments, On The Basis Of Political And Military Perceptions.

When The Start 2 Treaty Has Been Implemented - And Remember It Has Not Yet Been Ratified - We Will Be Left With Some 15,000 Nuclear Warheads, Active And In Reserve. Fifteen Thousand Weapons With An Average Yield Of 20 Hiroshima Bombs.

At A Time When Science Plays Such A Powerful Role In The Life Of Society, When The Destiny Of The Whole Of Mankind May Hinge On The Results Of Scientific Research, It Is Incumbent On All Scientists To Be Fully Conscious Of That Role, And Conduct Themselves Accordingly.

I Appeal To My Fellow Scientists To Remember Their Responsibility To Humanity.

But Scientists On Both Sides Of The Iron Curtain Played A Very Significant Role In Maintaining The Momentum Of The Nuclear Arms Race Throughout The Four Decades Of The Cold War.