Teachers' Using Grades And The Fear Of

Unanimity Of Opinion May Be Fitting For A Church, For The Frightened Or Greedy Victims Of Some (ancient, Or Modern) Myth, Or For The Weak And Willing Followers Of Some Tyrant. Variety Of Opinion Is Necessary For Objective Knowledge. And A Method That Encourages Variety Is Also The Only Method That Is Comparable With A Humanitarian Outlook.

Science Is An Essentially Anarchic Enterprise.

If The World Is An Aggregate Of Relatively Independent Regions, Then Any Assumption Of Universal Laws Is False And A Demand For Universal Norms Tyrannical: Only Brute Force (or Seductive Deception) Can Then Bend The Different Moralities So That They Fit The Prescriptions Of A Single Ethical System. And Indeed, The Idea Of Universal Laws Of Nature And Society Arose In Connection With A Life-and-death Battle: The Battle That Gave Zeus The Power Over The Titans And All Other Gods And Thus Turned His Laws Into The Laws Of The Universe.

The Validity Of Usefulness, Adequacy Of Popular Standards Can Be Tested Only By Research That Violates Them.

Early Chinese Thinkers Had Taken Variety At Face Value. They Had Favored Diversification And Collected Anomalies Instead Of Trying To Explain Them Away.