Proteins Are The Machinery Of Living Tissue

In The 19th Century The Anatomy Of The Eye Was Known In Great Detail And The Sophisticated Mechanisms It Employs To Deliver An Accurate Picture Of The Outside World Astounded Everyone Who Was Familiar With Them.

In Darwin's Time All Of Biology Was A Black Box: Not Only The Cell, Or The Eye, Or Digestion, Or Immunity, But Every Biological Structure And Function Because, Ultimately, No One Could Explain How Biological Processes Occurred.

In The Abstract, It Might Be Tempting To Imagine That Irreducible Complexity Simply Requires Multiple Simultaneous Mutations - That Evolution Might Be Far Chancier Than We Thought, But Still Possible. Such An Appeal To Brute Luck Can Never Be Refuted... Luck Is Metaphysical Speculation; Scientific Explanations Invoke Causes.

Molecular Evolution Is Not Based On Scientific Authority. . . . There Are Assertions That Such Evolution Occurred, But Absolutely None Are Supported By Pertinent Experiments Or Calculations. Since No One Knows Molecular Evolution By Direct Experience, And Since There Is No Authority On Which To Base Claims Of Knowledge, It Can Truly Be Said That . . . The Assertion Of Darwinian Molecular Evolution Is Merely Bluster.

For Example, Both Humans And Chimps Have A Broken Copy Of A Gene That In Other Mammals Helps Make Vitamin C. ... It's Hard To Imagine How There Could Be Stronger Evidence For Common Ancestry Of Chimps And Humans. ... Despite Some Remaining Puzzles, There's No Reason To Doubt That Darwin Had This Point Right, That All Creatures On Earth Are Biological Relatives.