Monarchy Hardens Into Despotism. Aristocracy Contracts Into

When The Last Of The Reformers Died, Religion, Instead Of Emancipating The Nations, Had Become An Excuse For The Criminal Art Of Despots. Calvin Preached, And Bellarmine Lectured; But Machiavelli Reigned.

Machiavelli's Teaching Would Hardly Have Stood The Test Of Parliamentary Government, For Public Discussion Demands At Least The Profession Of Good Faith.

The History Of Institutions Is Often A History Of Deception And Illusions; For Their Virtue Depends On The Ideas That Produce And On The Spirit That Preserves Them, And The Form May Remain Unaltered When The Substance Has Passed Away.

Political Differences Essentially Depend On Disagreement In Moral Principles.

Feudalism Made Land The Measure And The Master Of All Things.