Find Optimism In The Inevitable.

All Important Architecture Of The Last Century Was Strongly Influenced By Political Systems. Look At The Soviet System, With Its Constructivism And Stalinism, Weimer With Its Modern Style, Mussolini And, Of Course, The Nazis And Albert Speer's Colossal Structures. Today's Architecture Is Subservient To The Market And Its Terms. The Market Has Supplanted Ideology. Architecture Has Turned Into A Spectacle. It Has To Package Itself And No Longer Has Significance As Anything But A Landmark.

When Air Conditioning, Escalators, And Advertising Appeared, Shopping Expanded Its Scale, But Also Limited Its Spontaneity. And It Became Much More Predictable, Almost Scientific. What Had Once Been The Most Surprising Became The Most Manipulated.

I Think One Of The Important Evolutions Is That We No Longer Feel Compulsively The Need To Argue, Or To Justify Things On A Kind Of Rational Level. We Are Much More Willing To Admit That Certain Things Are Completely Instinctive And Others Are Really Intellectual.

Escape From The Architecture Ghetto Is One Of The Major Drivers And Has Been From The Very Beginning.

Manhattanism Is The One Urbanistic Ideology That Has Fed, From Its Conception, On The Splendors And Miseries Of The Metropolitan Condition—hyper-density—without Once Losing Faith In It As The Basis For A Desirable Modern Culture. Manhattan's Architecture Is A Paradigm For The Exploitation Of Congestion.